![]() In 1664 Redi wrote his first monumental work Osservazioni intorno alle vipere ( Observations on Vipers) to his friend Lorenzo Magalotti, secretary of the Accademia del Cimento. Scientific career Experimental toxicology Ī collection of his letters is held at the National Library of Medicine in Bethesda, Maryland. He died in his sleep on 1 March 1697 in Pisa and his remains were returned to Arezzo for interment. He was also a member of the Accademia del Cimento (Academy of Experiment) from 1657 to 1667. It is here that most of his academic works were achieved, which earned him membership in Accademia dei Lincei. Here he was registered at the Collegio Medico where he served at the Medici Court as both the head physician and superintendent of the ducal apothecary to Ferdinando II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany and his successor, Cosimo III. He constantly moved, to Rome, Naples, Bologna, Padua, and Venice, and finally settled in Florence in 1648. After schooling with the Jesuits, Francesco Redi attended the University of Pisa from where he obtained his doctoral degrees in medicine and philosophy in 1647, at the age of 21. His father was a renowned physician at Florence. The son of Gregorio Redi and Cecilia de Ghinci, Francesco Redi was born in Arezzo on 18 February 1626. A collection of his poems first published in 1685 Bacco in Toscana ( Bacchus in Tuscany) is considered among the finest works of 17th-century Italian poetry, and for which the Grand Duke Cosimo III gave him a medal of honor. He possibly originated the use of the control, the basis of experimental design in modern biology. He also distinguished earthworms from helminths (like tapeworms, flukes, and roundworms). He was also the first to recognize and correctly describe details of about 180 parasites, including Fasciola hepatica and Ascaris lumbricoides. He correctly observed that snake venoms were produced from the fangs, not the gallbladder, as was believed. He disproved that vipers drink wine and could break glasses, and that their venom was poisonous when ingested. His most famous experiments are described in his magnum opus Esperienze intorno alla generazione degl'insetti ( Experiments on the Generation of Insects), published in 1668. ![]() A rationalist of his time, he was a critic of verifiable myths, such as spontaneous generation. Having a doctoral degree in both medicine and philosophy from the University of Pisa at the age of 21, he worked in various cities of Italy. He was the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies. He is referred to as the "founder of experimental biology", and as the "father of modern parasitology". Redi died on Main Pisa.Medicine, entomology, parasitology, linguisticsįrancesco Redi (18 February 1626 – 1 March 1697) was an Italian physician, naturalist, biologist, and poet. Modern day scientific experiments require controls to eliminate the impact of other variables on the results of the experiment. This experiment was important as it was one of the first controlled experiments in history. ![]() He showed that maggots came from eggs laid by flies. This experiment provided evidence which refuted the spontaneous generation theory. In the group of jars that were covered in gauze, he noticed that there were no maggots on the meat, but maggots did appear on top of the gauze. Redi noticed that in the jars that were completely sealed, there were no maggots. In the group of jars that were left open, Redi found maggots on the meat. One group of jars was covered with gauze, one group was left open, and one group was completely sealed. In the experiment Redi prepared three groups of jars, each with a pieces of meat inside them. People believed that maggots would just emerge from rotting meat. The spontaneous generation theory, which claims living things can form from non-living objects, had been put forward by Aristotle and had been widely accepted for centuries. This work provided evidence against the spontaneous generation theory. His most famous work was a paper entitled, Esperienze Intorno alla Generazione degl'Insetti (Experiments on the Generation of Insects) which he published in 1668. It led him to develop his own experimental work. Redi was inspired by the work of William Harvey, who correctly described blood circulation around the body. After graduating, Redi moved to Florence to become the physician to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. ![]() He completed degrees in medicine and philosophy at the University of Pisa. Francesco Redi was a scientist born in Arezzo, Italy on February 18, 1626. ![]()
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